bioelectrical impedance pros and cons bioelectrical impedance pros and cons
2010;8(5):437-441. doi:10.1089/met.2010.0013. Sun, C. R. French, G. R. Martin, B. Younghusband, R. C. Green, Y. Xie, M. Matthews, J. R. Barron, D. G. Fitzpatrick, W. Gulliver and H. Zhang, Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of percentage body fat in a large, healthy population, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. Download PDF. 49, pp. Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis or Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) is a method of assessing your body composition: the measurement of body fat in relation to lean body mass. Cons: Unless you happen to have an underwater scale at . A plethora of research has indicated the importance and potentially the inability of standardising BIA measures to sufficiently account for various confounders. There are a limited amount of comparisons between BIA and the reference four-compartment model in athletic populations. Different types of BIA analysers are available, such as hand-held and leg-to-leg devices. Lemieux, D. Prudhomme, C. Bouchard, A. Tremblay and J. P. Despres, Sex differences in the relation of visceral adipose tissue accumulation to total body fatness., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 9, pp. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Together, body fat scales and BMI can give a general indication of a persons health. The primary advantage of using body fat scales at home is convenience. Healthy Fat Percentage mabelgraham681. Research conducted by Jebb et al., [11] found that leg-to-leg BIA using the manufacturer equations resulted in large errors when attempting to predict body fat, relative to the four-compartment model. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Hogenbirk RNM, Viddeleer AR, Hentzen JEKR, van der Plas WY, van der Schans CP, de Bock GH, Kruijff S, Klaase JM. Try out our Academy and access our growing library of sports science courses. 8600 Rockville Pike Her work as an occupational therapist includes: home health, acute care, chronic care, seating and positioning, outpatient rehab, and skilled nursing rehab. Would you like email updates of new search results? Bielectrical Impedence Analysis (BIA) BIA is based on the concept that electric current flows through the body at different rates depending on its composition [15]. Aging Clin Exp Res. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. F. Kushner and D. A. Schoeller, Estimation of total body water in bioelectrical impedance analysis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. The validity of BIA for one-off measures of body composition E. Chouinard, D. A. Schoeller, A. C. Watras, R. Randall Clark, R. N. Close and A. C. Buchholz, Bioelectrical Impedance vs. Four-compartment Model to Assess Body Fat Change in Overweight Adults, Obesity, vol. Hall, Body composition assessment of athletes using bioelectrical impedance measurements, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, pp. The clinical benefit of BIA can be further enhanced by combining it with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). As muscle is denser than fat, a persons body weight may actually increase as a result of exercise. The results can be affected by factors such as hydration levels, menstrual cycle, and recent exercise, and the accuracy of the results may vary depending on the specific device used. S. Sun, C. W. Chumlea, S. B. Heymsfield , H. C. Lukaski, D. Schoeller, K. Friedl, R. J. Kuczmarski, K. M. Flegal, C. L. Johnson and V. S. Hubbard, Development of bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations for body composition with the use of a multicomponent model for use in epidemiologic surveys, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. We avoid using tertiary references. Percentage of body fat is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases but its accurate measurement is difficult. Bioelectrical impedance analysis Inexpensive equipment. Gonzalez-Correa, Clara & Caicedo-Eraso, Julio Cesar. The most accurate readings were off by about 21%, while the least accurate were off by about 34%. Very accurate: As we know a human is to error but with computerized 3d scanning, precise trigonometric measurements can be precisely recorded at ease with minimal errors. Hand-to-foot BIA uses electrodes in a mounted foot-plate, as well as electrodes in hand grips, to determine whole body measurements. Overall, studies show that this method is not very accurate although it may be able to track change over time, your results are unlikely to reflect your actual body composition. The primary area for future research in this area is clearly the need for validated BIA equations for athletes in a range of sports and with varying body composition. Other factors which may impact the BIA measurement and should therefore also be standardised are [16]: The standardisation of hydration status is clearly of importance for BIA, as the method is reliant on estimations of total body water to ascertain fat-free mass. Anisha Shah, MD, is a board-certified internist, interventional cardiologist, and fellow of the American College of Cardiology. This is possible simply because different bodily tissues (e.g. The authors subsequently developed a novel prediction equation to estimate fat mass from the same Tanita bioimpedance analyser, with the four-compartment method as reference. 5-12, 1999. We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. 45, p. 865, 1987. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Scharfetter, T. Schlager, R. Stollberger, R. Felsberger, H. Hutten and H. Hinghofer-Szalkav, Assessing abdominal fatness with local bioimpedance analysis: basics and experimental findings, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, vol. Potentially of greater concern to practitioners considering the use of BIA to determine body composition in the applied setting, are the individual error rates of BIA, rather than data on group means. The validity of using BIA to measure changes over time 2022 Dec 9;101(49):e32229. 463-467, 1993. The impulse encounters varying levels of resistance or impedance from the different tissues and substances. 423-427, 1996. Disclaimer. and transmitted securely. The difference in bioelectrical conductivity between muscle and fat. Body fat percentage is the proportion of fat in an individual's body. Little training required for operation. Below is more to help you decide. 459-473, 1984. He has previously supported athletes in a variety of sports including canoeing, boxing, cricket, rugby league, Olympic weightlifting and strongwoman. However, it does not measure body fat directly. Handheld BIA devices use electrical impulses to estimate BFP. Pros, Cons, and Perspectives Download PDF. Similarly, athletes often take interest in their body fat percentages, and a false score indicating so-called negative changes in body fat may impact the confidence and compliance of an athlete. Deurenberg, J. I'll comment on the skinfold caliper method next time. Sarcopenia using pectoralis muscle area and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are independent prognostic factors in patients for nonmetastatic breast cancer. BMC Geriatr. Samsung Galaxy Watch 5. 2022 Dec 24;22(1):997. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03704-1. R. Clark, C. Bartok, J. C. Sullivan and D. A. Schoeller, Minimum Weight Prediction Methods CrossValidated, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise Science, vol. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Height was measured with a calibrated, wall-mounted stadiometer, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was conducted using InBody 720 (Biospace Co., Seoul . Similarly, hand-held instruments may only assess body composition of the upper extremities. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? all have varying amounts of water content, and, as a result, they all differ in terms of electrical conductivity. You may have seen body fat scales on store shelves or online that use bioelectrical impedance analysis. However, they may provide a rough idea of how much fat a person has in their body. As the electrical conductivity is different between various bodily tissues (e.g. analysis (BIA) as a reference in the measurement of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 2.78, 5.31, and 2.25, respectively; predicted data from the radar highly agreed with those from the BIA. Read our, Non-Essential Body Fat and How to Reduce It, The 9 Best Bathroom Scales of 2023, Tested and Reviewed, 10 Best Smart Scales, Tested and Recommended by Our Experts, The 8 Best Garmin Running Watches For All Types of Runners, Body Composition: What It Is and Why It Matters, How to Measure Body Fat With Hydrostatic Underwater Weighing. Introduction . The validity (the agreement between the true value and a measurement value) of body composition is key to determine the precision of BIA measurement, and its suitability for clinical use. Rder H, Kvrner AS, Henriksen C, Florholmen G, Henriksen HB, Bhn SK, Paur I, Smeland S, Blomhoff R. Clin Nutr. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, inexpensive, quick and non-invasive technique for measuring body composition. 44, pp. First, the researchers used a lab-based machine called a Bod Pod to take accurate body fat measurements. Mobvoi TicWatch Pro 3 Ultra. To revisit the study by Ritz et al., [9], BIA was unable to accurately assess changes in body composition when compared to the four-compartment model. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. However, later research found that this equation also failed to out-perform the Tanita manufacturer equation, and resulted in wide limits of agreement [12]. It usually involves the placement of two electrical sources on the feet and hand's dorsal surface. Malia Frey is a weight loss expert, certified health coach, weight management specialist, personal trainer, and fitness nutrition specialist. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. This approach, the Energy Availability - Energy Balance (EAEB) method, increases the reliance on objective measurements, provides an indication of energy availability status over longer periods and. The 9 Best Pedometers of 2023, Tested and Reviewed, Measuring Skinfolds for Determining Body Fat Percentage. A. Bergsma-Kadijk, B. Baumeister and P. Deurenberg, Measurement of body fat in young and elderly women: comparison between a four-compartment model and widely used reference methods., British Journal of Nutrition, vol. Some studies showed that bioelectrical impedance analysis is a reasonably accurate method for estimating body fat. . This suggests that BIA may provide data that is not sufficiently accurate for determination of individual body composition. We begin with a definition of BMI. Using this method doesn't need any training or prior practice. 77, pp. J Hum Nutr Diet. Video 1. Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, Gmez JM, Heitmann BL, Kent-Smith L, Melchior JC, Pirlich M, Scharfetter H, Schols AM, Pichard C; Composition of the ESPEN Working Group. 83, pp. Body Mass Index (BMI): Pros and cons. Sun et al., [7] validated BIA equations using the four-compartment model and reported that the equation was sufficient for use in epidemiological research studies to assess populations with normal levels of body composition. 1040-1045, 2011. When using the bioelectrical impedance analyzer, the measurement should be done on an empty stomach. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an afford-able, noninvasive, easy-to-operate, portable, and fast (assess-ments can be made within 5-10 min) alternative for assessingsegmental or whole body SM (15, 19, 31, 38, 40) and so maybe a practical method for assessing SM in the elderly, althoughthe technique has not been fully validated in this Therefore, it produced inaccurate estimates. 434-440, 1990. 2, pp. 443-446, 2004. Despite being popular in many commercial gyms and within epidemiological research on group body composition, BIA does not appear to provide a valid single- or repeated-measure of body composition for athletes. The assumption that the hydration fraction of skeletal muscle remains at 73% is based on the chemical analysis of six cadavers as part of the Brussels Cadaver Analysis Study [21]. 2017;29:591-7. There is no "perfect weight" that applies to all of us. A. Weststrate, I. Paymans and K. Van Der Kooy, Factors affecting bioelectical impedance measurements in humans, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. The bioelectrical impedance assessment is based on the water content of bodily tissues. In choosing BIA equations, it is important to consider the characteristics of the sample in which it has been developed and validated, since, for example, age- and ethnicity-related differences could sensitively affect BIA estimates. Display. 199-209, 1992. In large epidemiologic . Background: Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used in research to assess body composition. R. F, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis: A review of principles and applications, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol. Although BIA was primarily used to determine changes in dialysis patients [2], it is a method now used to determine body composition across a range of populations, including athletes [2, 3], obese individuals [4, 5] and the general population [3]. "A scan removes the margin of error that bio-electric impedance tests [which measure body fat in relation to lean body mass] have, and that has significant reliability. 502-511, 2001. In this article, we provide information on how body fat scales work and whether they give an accurate estimate of a persons body fat percentage (BFP). It's also wise to understand that there is more to health than your body fat percentage or weight, and these scales are only a tool, not a reflection of your general wellness. The body mass index is supposed to help you determine whether you are falling in the "average" range for body fat, if you are extremely low in body fat or if you are obese or in danger of being obese. Reference methods. It's usually recommended to combine it with other methods to get a more accurate assessment of body composition. A person can use calipers to measure the thickness of skin folds on different parts of the body. But is BMI outdated? However, body fat scales are not an accurate method for estimating BFP. Deurenberg et al., [23] reported underestimation of fat-free mass when assessing changes in body composition following weight loss. However, studies that validate the accuracy of BIA exclusively in post-menopausal women are lacking. Despite studies showing promising effects of BIA on body composition, this has not been found in a large body of research. Epub 2014 Oct 1. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Personal Monitoring / Wearable Technology, https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html, https://www.consumerreports.org/body-fat-scales/body-fat-scale-review/, https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/body-fat-scales.html, https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/1/e008922, https://dapa-toolkit.mrc.ac.uk/anthropometry/objective-methods/hydrostatic-underwater-weighing, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5599249/, One-hour endoscopic procedure could eliminate the need for insulin for type 2 diabetes, New clues to slow aging? Keywords: For instance, a 2016 study found an association between increased abdominal fat and a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. PMC This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of three BIA instruments in . Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. As electrical current follows the path of least resistance, some scales may send current through the lower-body only, missing the upper-body entirely. The entire procedure is done in under 30 minutes and afterward, you can return to your normal daily activities. Leg-to-Leg BIA In bioelectrical impedance assessment a small alternating current (20 to 100 A, frequency ranging from 5 kHz to 200 kHz) is applied to the body and conducted by water and dissolved electrolytes in the body. quantities of fat mass and fat-free mass) by running a small electrical current through the body. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis works by determining the impedance which is faced by an electrical current as it passes through the human body. Standard measurement conditions may vary depending on the machine type (e.g. Deurenberg P. Limitation of the bioelectrical impedance . What are the pros & cons of 2-, 3-, & 4-compartment body composition measurement tools? However, studies that validate the accuracy of BIA exclusively in post-menopausal women are lacking. The full-body scanner from the Naked Labs has probably become the most famous body scanner and has been covered by various tech-related websites in the last two years. Bioelectrical impedance methods are often classified by the number of frequencies used for analysis, with BIA often referring to single-frequency devices, whereas multiple-frequency devices are referred to as Bioelectrical Spectroscopy (BIS) as it uses a spectra of frequencies [5]. If either value is high, a person should see their doctor for a health check. Pros: Hydrostatic weighing is an incredibly accurate technique for measuring body composition. This article also covers how to calculate the ideal body fat, There are various ways to measure the percentage of body fat, and some are more high tech than others. 490-497, 2004. FOIA Can be used on a variety of populations: BI can be used on a variety of populations, including children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities. When you step on the scale, a small electrical current runs up through your leg and across your. 266-271, 1990. Typically, the most expensive options provide the most accurate estimates. These numbers can be helpful, but there is danger in relying on them too much. The reliability of BIA measurements is influenced by various factors related to the instrument itself, including electrodes, operator, subject, and environment. PROS: 1. It is important to note that this analysis utilised DEXA as the reference method, which may also lead to further error, as eluded to earlier in this review (read my article on the use of DEXA scanning for body composition assessment HERE). For example, an athlete may be singled-out for interventions to reduce their body fat based on their BIA assessment and normative values, yet other methods may suggest that their body composition is optimal. 11, no. About usContact usJoin our teamOfficial partnersPrivacy policyTerms of useTerms and conditionsDisclaimer, 2023 Science for Sport | Catapult Sports, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16215137, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4468420, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24755478, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11319654, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299872, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8695593, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12540391, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15640463, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822707000332, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15076792, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10743490, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17228035, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10393132, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181388, http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/15064592, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1578098, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2816797, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9624647, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8379501, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/16706298_Gross_Tissue_Weights_in_the_Human_Body_by_Cadaver_Dissection, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002196818290056X, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2912008, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2079851, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647951, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8780358, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16837369, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3529918, The Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) Equations, Issues with Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), Effect of incorrect measures in the applied setting, A BIA equation for use in athletic populations, The validity of BIA vs. the four-compartment model for athletes with more extreme body composition (e.g. Results can be affected by hydration levels: BI results can be affected by hydration levels, as dehydrated individuals will have a higher impedance and appear to have less body fat. The . Several methods have been used to assess body composition in humans, each with advantages and drawbacks surrounding cost, validity, reliability, and accessibility (for more information on the methods of body composition assessment and their uses, click here). Results can be affected by menstrual cycle: BI results can be affected by menstrual cycle as hormonal fluctuation during menstrual cycle can impact body water distribution and thus the results. Scientists use genetic rewiring to increase lifespan of cells, Beyond amyloid and tau: New targets in developing dementia treatments, Napping longer than 30 minutes linked to higher risk of obesity and high blood pressure, Activity 'snacks' could lower blood sugar, complication risk in type 1 diabetes, Body fat percentage charts for men and women, Daniel Bubnis, M.S., NASM-CPT, NASE Level II-CSS, When and how to measure weight accurately at home, Courtney Sullivan, Certified Yoga Instructor. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Clin Nutr. Not invasive. This systematic review assesses the literature pertaining to BIA use in the detection of sarcopenia in adults with cancer. Exercise can help a person lose fat and gain muscle. Pros: Bioelectrical impedance monitors tend to be affordable enough to keep one around the house. It does this by combining two measures: a persons mass or weight and their volume. 5, pp. Accessibility the resistance of the electrical current [Z]) of the current and then estimate body composition hence the name bioelectrical impedance. Hydrostatic underwater weighing (HUW) calculates a persons body density and body volume to estimate their body composition. Advances in Nutrition. Based on that rate, a calculation is used to estimate fat-free mass. This method involves applying a small electrical current through electrodes placed on the neck and sides of the chest. Estimates of body composition using BIA are facilitated using empirically validated equations, which consider variables including gender, race, height, weight, and age. BIA is likely to misrepresent changes over time, potentially missing significant changes in body composition, or suggesting changes that havent occurred. Verywell Fit's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): A proposal for standardization of the classical method in adults. Lean tissues are highly-conductive, as they contain large quantities of water. Learn about the ideal body fat percentages with charts based on sex, age, and height. Expert Wellness Picks and Advice to Your Inbox, Comparison of Foot-to-Foot and Hand-to-Foot Bioelectrical Impedance Methods in a Population with a Wide Range of Body Mass Indices, Comparisons of accuracy of estimating percent body fat by four bioelectrical impedance devices with different frequency and induction system of electrical current, Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): A proposal for standardization of the classical method in adults, Impact of eating and drinking on body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance, Validity of body-composition methods across racial and ethnic populations. This finding is supported in other research on bodybuilders, showing that BIA underestimated fat mass, and overestimated fat-free mass when compared to the four-compartment model [10]. Ritz, A. Salle, M. Audran and V. Rohmer, Comparison of different methods to assess body composition of weight loss in obese and diabetic patients, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. What makes it unique is that it costs only $1395, making it a viable 3D body scanner for personal and home use. Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods. Inexpensive: BI devices are relatively inexpensive and can be used multiple times. It measures body fat in relation to lean body mass and is said to be more accurate than BMI testing. Body fat scales are devices that a person can use to measure their weight and body composition at home. BIA is simple, easy to use, and can in theory differentiate between fat mass and fat-free mass. Bioelectrical impedance analysis does not accurately measure your total body fat. Quick and easy to perform: BI can be completed in just a few minutes and does not require any special preparation or training. Table 1. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;12(5):1854-1862. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab016. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) What is body fat percentage?
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