tcac opportunity mapstcac opportunity maps

tcac opportunity maps tcac opportunity maps

But the relationships between school poverty, school choice policies, and student achievement are not easily reduced to a single metric, making it a problematic filter. Tract Level opportunity areas as outlined in the 2021 TCAC Opportunity Areas mapping data. 0 2 0 obj Last week, the Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) and the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) re-released the draft 2020 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map for public comments, which are due at 5pm on Monday, May 18. :J"U})r",cysl,bs]Q(wPq8TB!x[0ku*|~ Adult Reference x227. In Texas, 1 in 9 babies is born preterm. As part of the new regulations, TCAC will rely on neighborhood-level Opportunity Maps to inform its allocations. In early 2018 the Terner Center will offer a contribution to this topic with a study that examines questions of economic mobility from the perspective ofresidents living in LIHTC-financed properties, revealing the nuanced relationship between affordable housing, neighborhood quality, and opportunity. 8_q41r_Ljx B3`JBc$P);#SH} KBLEA99>Iw aL| VNR.Ki}_t]WMq.^O7zMM;~gxxU+'ons=]c1$E7sA'R$4{`rHM>}g>p^}vz? 63 0 obj <>stream The California Housing Partnership is proud of having contributed to these advancements in opportunity mapping and hopes its partners will submit comments to TCAC and HCD by May 18 that either express support for these changes or suggest improvements. Please review ourTerms of Usefor proper attribution, and visit our How to Use page for ideas of sample use cases. CTCAC allocates federal and state tax credits to the developers of these projects. Eligible net new jobs for the Job Tax Credit Program could be created during this designation period. Directions on how to submit comments are available on the California State Treasurer's website . endstream endobj startxref 04/29/2023 (All day) Yorktown Stage: Disney High School Musical. hbbd```b`` "Zdt,@$S/Xr`R,&z2@&0; H2\-`3@c 2\=U$30=` DS ~d&v`8v\RL6?yK{NCbw8p]W=0~~Q%2^tCTjQCP/}ld*=4`fC!gAr"CDBr_./Y/tkt2^JFgeUegIJq;k6Pp Pp$ ;%W/Ss8>o/{c/O?/+ hVnH>&(3pZDfx The incentives included in yesterdays policy changes represent a concerted effort to address and begin to correct that historical imbalance. %PDF-1.6 % The current maps reveal, for example, that of the 1,568 census tracts designated as Highest Resource more than 80 percent are comprised predominantly of single family homes, and in more than half (56 percent) of Highest Resource tracts, multifamily buildings with 10 or more units make up less than 10 percent of the housing stock. Project Mapping The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) has developed a map displaying the location of all existing multifamily housing projects developed using Low Income Housing Tax Credits (tax credits) in California. On Wednesday, TCAC adopted a series of policy changes aimed at increasing the development of affordable housing options for families in higher opportunity communities, signaling a commitment to advancing fair housing goals amid the state's broader agenda to address California's housing crisis. View historic and current trends in LIHTC multifamily housing production and preservation. The designated areas do not include an entire jurisdiction, but rather the area or areas within the jurisdiction that meet the criteria for such designation. To respond to these issues, the Terner Center has worked in collaboration with the Fair Housing Task Force over the last several months to review and assess the methodology and propose severalimportant improvements. TCAC Opportunity Score The TCAC Opportunity Map scoring factor supports the State's goal to affirmatively further fair housing by facilitating the development of affordable housing in high opportunity / high amenity areas. If raining, the concert will be held at the Yorktown Stage theater. The rural methodology in the draft 2020 maps otherwise remains unchanged. Note: Most of our team is still working virtually and are not in the office to receive phone calls. xMk@9h=)-@- z(=l]Y$G]mBkcSLjf0G)XB_hhrC2R^_82SY2T^-4dR?j|XFG]\&HP4*bC 7qT!?P.H>i"!M/Cv@@qGtX=: Wq.f8CB# %PDF-1.5 % In 2018, Californians voted to, Read the full paper here. Overlay federal and state maps, including CalEnviroScreen and TCAC/HCDs Opportunity Map. The mapping project was spurred following a 2017 investigation by the Othering & Belonging Institute that found the majority of LIHTC resources for low-income housing were being directed to low-income neighborhoods, and that only a small percentage of low-income housing was being constructed in high-opportunity areas. See quantitative estimates of the social, economic and environmental benefits affordable housing brings to individual residents and families, taxpayers, and the local economy. endstream endobj 30 0 obj <>stream There is no doubt that schools play an important role in shaping opportunity and laying the foundation for economic mobility, which is why school metrics are included in the education domain. */kO gb{V7Pr_u2 @(z7FW M For example, a designation period of 2011 through 2021 would be applicable to eligible net new jobs created during the period which starts with the 2011 tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2011 and which ends with the 2021 tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. But perhaps the most significant change is the development of an improved filter to identify areas of racial segregation and concentrated poverty. 18-3.1. Officials, Human [an0PC|n# UM_Zmv 8PFD!3d-bWE igm{nA9\jA &7~r3F3Vf~7j&C9DwiX"4;Ss\d>cKGX1Yz\!NZ5#x|DNiXGL3fCzm}Z)WuMcL]!,7cy*YG,=4_ ^*_vw/vy_/^^ Data Tool: Housing Map & Benefits Calculator. Note: the final concert will be begin at 5:00pm. endstream endobj 33 0 obj <>stream /6UIj )wt!yZ19_(i}qC\>BXfw255y>RIlL=R$J! q~}9=$ y6m:p~#0|K5j&( X s8! *IxK,'m&,?  p0 [NEW!] About the Taskforce Convened in January 2017 . ,BO:|AP%hiBhR feNH >d* Mjo Outreach New Housing Element Requirements Policies and actions can vary widely, depending on the fair housing issues identified, e.g. [MR2tEp^[9]ue{S)6W[GHh1bA Click here for full screen map Select Year 2023 Interactive Map of Potential Opportunity Zone areas, including designated LDCT and Military Zones. Click on the layers for the LDCT and Military Zones to have these layers shown on the map. TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map Identify neighborhoods with characteristics shown by research to support positive economic, educational, and health outcomes for low-income familiesparticularly children. endstream endobj 33 0 obj <>stream The new Housing and Local Land Development Opportunity Map allows developers to view all sites identified by cities and counties for housing through their housing elements, as well as locally owned surplus and excess land, which may be subject to affordable housing requirements when disposed of through the Surplus Land Act. The 2020 TCAC/HCD California Opportunity Map provides guidance to the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC), which administers housing funds through the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, on where to direct resources for the construction of low-income housing. The regulations seek to respond to agrowing bodyof evidencethat communities that provide low-income families access to good schools and safer, lower-poverty, and less segregated neighborhoods improve outcomes for residents and boost economic mobility for children. hTP1n0 Joint CDLAC-TCAC Applications Opportunity Maps 2021 Response to Comments on Draft Opportunity Maps Draft Methodology Opportunity Maps Credit Estimates as of Feb. 1 Cycle 1 4% Credit Applications Received (as of Feb. 4) CDLAC Preliminary Staff Recommendations 2021 Income Limits and Maximum Rents Proposed Regulation Changes with Initial Reasons hbbd```b``V qdeedX,dj4HLa0L~` 6?DzI ,$>3E@Vi@o&WU20=@ b=| It estimates that the average cost of an assisted unit in the State of California is $439,827.7 However, the estimated cost in Santa Clara County is higher, with an average per unit cost of $607,463. Trafficking kqtW&7W`)2^SN/&Q The 2023 designations use population and tract boundaries from the 2020 Decennial census. North America Bulk Molding Compounds Market Forecast to 2028 - COVID-19 Impact and Regional Analysis By Resin Type (Polyester, Vinyl Resin, and Others), Fiber Type - Market research report and industry analysis - 33990731 For additional information on the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program please contact CTCAC. <> Display property-level information on Californias inventory of subsidized affordable housing developments statewide. HVKo1iR9@9 i$v`+ZT%4M&q_{S}BTz;f mr6G 7@93**?bk#l>zW,D%@UR5LiR,Oa1vX)lP 8 Each tract contains an average of three block groups, so this new approach allows for a finer-grained analysis than in previous versions of the TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map. Phone: (914) 245-5262. HCD has completed its review of the methodology and finds that the draft SCAG 60 Executive Park South, NE All rights reserved. endstream endobj 35 0 obj <>stream /I2k~%5:Rz |WO*~3k,-@fUUQS'%EZksi{F94!j{fO|y4#Eu10uv2LDtex{ua:rwCYRg-I" *x85mv V)P T$25.>V$I-mTgOJ!Se2isi{=7{uP` x';/UQTUh>{8^w)EJ&$vdUe 'IEw| f*DKr{*KJkVsx6u}@Ct%A([H4D/Y$db endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream Upcoming Events. Phone: (914) 245-5262. A Note on the Expanded Application of Opportunity Mapping The draft 2022 TCAC/HCD Opportunity map is provided here for public comment through November 18, 2021. OWAXtZQ:$_ <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Instead of trying to boil down this opportunity map into high resource areas and low resource areas; the map should try and provide more granularity. The TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map is increasingly being referenced for uses beyond the program for which The most recent opportunity maps (known as TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps) were adopted in December of 2020. Like the rest of the affordable housing sector, the California Housing Partnership is currently focused on responding to COVID-19s. The use of opportunity mapping, or any other tool must be tested for its effectiveness in creating housing choice for low-income families in rural and farmworker communities. If an area meets the criteria for an Opportunity Zone designation and the community files the necessary detail to support the designation request with DCA, then the area is designated as an Opportunity Zone. The Task Force takes this opportunity to identify specific concerns about the Proposed Opportunity Maps and to recommend alternatives. Corporations provide equity to build the projects in return for the tax credits. View TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map SB 330 Affected Cities and Counties Map Central Office Join us at the the 28th Annual Yorktown Lions Club Concert Series for a fabulous line-up of summer performers as part of the FREE annual summer concert series. % In Texas, the preterm birth rate among Black women is 41% higher than the rate among all other women. Children's Reference x247. Observe indicators of counties housing market conditions. Overall, the social equity adjustments result in greater shares of lower income RHNA to higher income and higher-resource areas. Carolina Reid, JeFJdw,6i"YQP\x("+GTD&@aCfu^xubi,)mDbc Launched in Fall 2018 as the Institute's official podcast, Who Belongs? %PDF-1.5 2022 TCAC Opportunity Map - University of California, Berkeley News Release: State Treasurer Fiona Ma Announces Extensions and Flexibility for Affordable Housing Projects Affected by Bank Closures, 2023 California State Treasurer's Office, CTCAC Resale of Certificated Credits Form, California Utility Allowance Calculator (CUAC), Information About the Section 811 Project Rental Assistance Demonstration Program, Use these forms when reporting sales to CTCAC. Located in the highest, high, and moderate resource area under Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) opportunity maps. @ ~7!nH]l`on0*gXRTzMDlozCp+RpF5CF=j&tHeu;R^xs(a(X}Yt{Pd=zhuvJ ;M)(o:wip3_4YH[x!gjU\|bnv#`=h_w#"=Pg. The Delta Rho Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated, will host the 60th Convention for the Texas Council of Alpha Chapters at The Westin San Antonio - North. than the opportunity mapswhich will determine where California's LIHTC investments gocan capture. As in previous versions of the TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map, resource designations for rural areas are derived in relation to rural areas within the same county. Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC), emphasized the importance of increasing access to This approach also helps screen out portions of rural tracts with very low population densities, where it may not be possible to develop new housing due to terrain and land use barriers. Permit Status Fee Calculator Property Search Request available Investigation Storm Aquarium Quality FAQ Building Permits Building permits are vital per ROH Sec. Spatial shifts in opportunity for example, as a result ofgentrificationor thedecline of once affluent suburbs can happen quickly, and policy decisions such as tax credit allocations should be positioned to keep pace. The 2020 opportunity map includes updated data that reflects the most recent figures concerning levels of wealth and segregation across California. -V/I^i7ABrHsd@ N2@QI30)_?$L p,& JL$]%z7;e!H*F\TTuI)e*s]S7cFGX`%LY]^ \]TV7I6E>N^qb2e[nH5y@K 'Wa]v->|~gC-zr~6\yE}j rR>H\|@ California approves latest 'opportunity map' for affordable housing sites, The Vision of the Othering & Belonging Institute, Racial Segregation in the San Francisco Bay Area, Exclusionary Zoning & Community Resources, Single-Family Zoning in the Sacramento Region, Single-Family Zoning in the San Diego Region, Mapping Opportunity and Upzoning in California. % endobj When used in conjunction with other Center facilities, the Garden adds a charming highlight to any occasion. Variation in school assignment policiesin some cities, children dont attend their neighborhood schoolfurther weakens the measures effectiveness in serving as a proxy for opportunity. 54 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5CF11133B80AD62197D02B622FCF7FEF><8719FD59A5A4D04BA5EB972DF754E8FC>]/Index[25 49]/Info 24 0 R/Length 129/Prev 183632/Root 26 0 R/Size 74/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj 28 0 obj <>>> endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream -%/3 stream This and other ideas will continue to be explored as the housing task force looks to perfect its maps in the coming years. endstream endobj 34 0 obj <>stream Interactive Map of Potential Opportunity Zone areas, including designated LDCT and Military Zones. stream These incentives increase the likelihood that developments in opportunity areas receive TCAC allocations. Microsoft Word - DRAFT TCAC Opportunity Map Comments Rural Smart Growth Task Force_DM.docx See quantitative estimates of the social, economic and environmental benefits affordable housing brings to individual residents and families, taxpayers, and the local economy. HCD/TCAC Opportunity Map Categorization Environmental Constraints Additionally, the beta version will screen all parcels within a given jurisdiction into the following categories to jumpstart the process of identifying sites that either meet HCD's minimum site inventory requirements or require further analysis or documentation: Home; About Us. Previous versions of the TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps looked only at a point in time and did not account for rapid changes in opportunity and . 0 d The article discusses the policy impli-cations of these ndings, and calls for more research to specically under- . 27 0 obj <> endobj Yorktown Chamber Spring Market & Car Show. } 2 An inventory of land suitable and available for residential development, including vacant sites and sites having realistic and demonstrated potential for redevelopment during the planning period to meet the locality's housing need for a designated income level, and an analysis of the relationship of zoning and public facilities and services to %%EOF endstream endobj 26 0 obj <> endobj 27 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj <>stream Emphasis is on deep affordability, large family housing, and serving special needs & homeless populations. While these are critical improvements, it is also important to acknowledge that thereal world is more complicatedthan what can be captured in the point-in-time snapshots on these maps. 2023 Othering and Belonging Institute. Together, these filters assigned roughly one-third of Californias census tracts to the lowest resource category, with the school poverty filter alone accounting for more than 90 percent of those assignments. It estimates that the average cost of an assisted unit in the State of California is $439,827.7 However, the estimated cost in Santa Clara County is higher than the State with an average per unit cost of $607,463. 3 Closely!relatedtothe!topographical!issues,are!concernsrelating!to!infrastructure.!While!infratructure!is! Located within one-half mile from transit; is located in a very low vehicle travel area; or Within a mile walking distance of resources such as parks, grocery stores, and small businesses. History. stream The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC) facilitates the investment of private capital into the development of affordable rental housing for low-income Californians. It will be important for future iterations of the maps to tell a more dynamicstory about access to opportunity at the neighborhood level by incorporating trends over time (including, for example, job or population growth) to account for places that are experiencing rapid change. The Partnerships data tools are available for your free use. The findings led to the creation of the Fair Housing Task Force, a partnership between the Othering and Belonging Institute, the Terner Center at UC Berkeley, the California Housing Partnership Corporation, and the Urban Displacement Project to develop the opportunity mapping project for the TCAC. But even with these latest policy changes and proposed future refinements to the maps, TCACs process for allocating tax credits through the Qualified Allocation Plan (QAP) will not achieve the desired results without attention to the larger set of land use and housing policies at the city level that constrain where developers can find suitable sites and/or obtain affordable housing entitlements. 51 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8D2C49728B7F69AE611E69B953F6A5EA><6BB1307CE67BEA4085C28040053898CF>]/Index[27 37]/Info 26 0 R/Length 112/Prev 158944/Root 28 0 R/Size 64/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream (1) According to a2014 blog postfrom Novogradac and Company, To qualify as a large family development, at least 30 percent of LIHTC units in the property must have three or more bedrooms; four bedroom and larger units must have at least two bathrooms; bedrooms must be large enough to accommodate two persons each; and living areas must be adequately sized to accommodate families based on two persons per bedroom., On January 19th, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) released a new proposed Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing, As part of our commitment to the education and professional development of UC Berkeley students, the Terner Center highlights exceptional, Voters in California have become accustomed to voting on big-ticket housing-related measures in general elections. The designation methodology is explained in the Federal Register notice published October 24, 2022. HU03 FUeR"! <> Information includes circumscribing, permits, inspections, and code enforcement reports. We will be accepting puzzle donations from April 24th to May 5th. How to account for areas undergoing rapid change. John C. Hart Memorial Library. hko8?/FH+S5vR0 mcR%$;b;c #npgvD(hA#:b8 'FpWF 1Dp!!c( LHbHD:f_W2]VbgE :.RuFy=o6q,lX[J,'vV'zMFtT7t8E~c|8 eLv3:OU1!`UKikK0AGi^D7jFCTj`"vDWtETXi}u4#9dmeU.*A}62fY4_^*ncI HCD and TCAC created opportunity maps to demonstrate the spatial dynamics of opportunity in California's neighborhoods and regions. The 2020 TCAC/HCD California Opportunity Map provides guidance to the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC), which administers housing funds through the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, on where to direct resources for the construction of low-income housing. hTn0E|,[uacLRR}I3HX,4Q:wEyl7x9Dmgpsg)UtfZ(|%c>Goah5+s?HRQPm"V=x:&9]r 2+{fI)"l xnwJ @@*R)j The Othering & Belonging Institute at UC Berkeley brings together researchers, organizers, stakeholders, communicators, and policymakers to identify and eliminate the barriers to an inclusive, just, and sustainable society in order to create transformative change. As a result, we worked with the Task Force to develop a new, single filter to identify neighborhoods that are both racially segregated (using a slightly different measure of segregation based on the relative proportion of racial and ethnic groups concentrated in a census tract) and areas of concentrated poverty (based on a 30 percent poverty rate threshold). COG Geography TCAC Opportunity Map 2023 - Composite Score (Tract) COG Geography TCAC Opportunity Map 2023 - Economic Score (Tract) CalEnviroscreen 4.0, 2021 - Tract OBI 2023 TCAC, OBI, HCD 2022 Jobs within 45 min transit ride (Smart Locations Database, 2018) - Block Group Projects located within one-half mile of a fixed rail or bus rapid transit (BRT) line Projects located in high and highest resource areas in the Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) Opportunity Maps Electric Vehicle (EV) or American with Disabilities (ADA) Parking Users can now view the TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps online at: https://bit.ly/2zsXxac . endobj @H3q10Q5 O- However, only five percent of large family 9 percent LIHTC units (1)placed in service between 2003 and 2015 were located in the states most opportunity-rich neighborhoods, even though such neighborhoods account for one-fifth of the states census tracts. Discover and compare affordable housing need in every county of California. endstream endobj 31 0 obj <>stream In 2020, the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) adopted incentives to affordable housing developers who selected sites located in opportunity areas identified in their Opportunity Maps. %PDF-1.3 . Although the Moderate Resource (Rapidly Changing) category has no current impact on TCAC or HCD programs, this methodology may be applied in future policies. Without more proactive polices that ensure cities are adequately identifying land and zoning for multifamily housing, and without reforms to the ways in which more affluent communities allow for housing overall, the Opportunity Maps and revised QAP are unlikely to address the historical shortfall in LIHTC projects in prosperous areas on their own. Draft Opportunity Maps, 2022 Proposed Changes to the TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map with Statement of Reasons Response to Comments on the Draft 2022 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map Application and Attachment Training Videos Operating Cost per Unit Minimums Threshold Basis Limits Determining Rural Status of Project Site 9% Minimum Point Score Thresholds Highest Resource areas as defined by the HCD/TCAC Opportunity maps. The purpose of the MHP Program is to provide long- term, low-interest, deferred-payment loans for the new construction, rehabilitation, conversion and preservation of affordable multi-family rental housing developments. It depends; and this is where the TCAC Opportunity map could be improved. HU0X+R70p"EI)!%W6@f|||>r3@KM_6=sO+Ff}"k,w{_~!9[LH@b&CH6ubmVr/hs51G9HxLNm~};&D3X=GVz: C30Vgn 0QC9:2vi eV9Vfkd*fg6#6>R8YXl>wk?2j\eRwFj j_A`HG1q;4CZ@5f.Ks@\ c Xy )"ck0x Did You Know? In California, the Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) plays an important role in determining where and how Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC) get allocated for the production of affordable housing. : Few housing choices increasing density, The map measures the quality of the economy, environment, and educational opportunities of every census tract in California. The new filter ends up being more narrowly targeted to economically distressed, segregated areas, and thus captures fewer neighborhoods overallroughly 13 percent of the states census tracts rather than the original 32 percent. As Richard Rothsteins new bookThe Color of Lawpoints out, these neighborhoods did not happen by accident: they are the product of a legacy of racialized housing policies that segregated whites from blacks, rich from poor. Shrub Oak, NY 10588. Its aesthetic scenery also makes a picturesque backdrop for group or individual photography. Home ->> CTCAC ->> Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Programs. ]KKGc(9P+G 1h 2C(,xJ"IY*T*ZgJm18|Cx'[JJGWi%[j)58(rw oBlt32Wq Table C-5. endobj xrIp>"v|UrR$"ULO`/UQVeYCCwU]^U=U5-ubq]vowo'wwu^w?]wo{5ik= L":EcP}&hq--U_U:SPM]]Lc]yW];MS.&CYut44C'_9 BzD}p L(n,+< ~~;Kf`Ns8/^WI~*M-@: On Wednesday, TCAC adopted aseries of policy changesaimed at increasing the development of affordable housing options for families in higher opportunity communities, signaling a commitment to advancing fair housing goals amid the statesbroader agendato address Californias housing crisis. hb```CB eapEgv{ gq]j}ll((e@Ze10aa4gTfra*g#+5B714cp4`)/P/f5@. S>)! Connect With Us 2023 Opportunity Maps - Adopted January 2023 2023 Opportunity Maps 2023 Opportunity Mapping Methodology 2023 Statewide Summary Table 2022 Opportunity Maps Shapefile to transform racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity. This map was created to inform statewide . Specialties: The Pine Wind Garden is a tranquil setting for wedding ceremonies or restful intermissions during other events. Our analysis of the school poverty filter yielded similar conclusions, finding that the relationship between student poverty and academic achievement varied widely across regions. % Source: California Fair Housing Task Force, Methodology for the 2020 TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps 2020. TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map The TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map identifies regions throughout California whose characteristics have been shown by research to support positive economic, educational, and health outcomes for low-income families - particularly long-term outcomes for families with children.

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