pulmonary edema and covid vaccine pulmonary edema and covid vaccine
N.Y. Acad. 39 (270), H2000H2007. Br. These channels are important in maintaining the optimum volume and ion constitution of bronchial periciliary fluid and alveolar lining fluid layers, which are necessary in appropriate pathogens mucociliary clearance and optimum gas exchange, respectively (Londino et al., 2017). 308 (11), L1136L1144. Med. As reported, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in alveoli can reduce alveoli opening during hypoxia, detect O2 variation, and adjust ion transport and fluid clearance (Jovanovi et al., 2003). Wiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J., and Prescott, H. C. (2020). Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients with Severe and Life-Threatening COVID-19. 2, 1019. There are multiple potential mechanisms leading to pulmonary edema in severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients and understanding of those mechanisms may enable proper management of this condition. Matrix Proteinases in Lung Biology. 383, 23332344. (2021). J. Physiol. Pflugers Arch. BMJ 369, m1432. N. Engl. (2020). (2020). COVID-19 Infection: the Perspectives on Immune Responses. However, so far, no effective inhibitors have been developed against HAS2. (2006) reported that the cryptotanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiz can inhibit the synthesis of cGMP and NO in vein endothelial cells, activate NO/cGMP pathway and improve the blood circulation. J. Physiology-Lung Cell Mol. Pain at the injection site had completely resolved within 2 days. Immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations may trigger acute exacerbations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis among susceptible patients, according to data published in the American Journal of. Keywords: Authors Mabrouk Bahloul 1 . and transmitted securely. 23 (5), 289301. Lancet Respir. (2020b). doi:10.5114/pdia.2013.37040, Cui, M., Gosu, V., Basith, S., Hong, S., and Choi, S. (2016). CT images of COVID-19 patients revealed fluid and clear liquid jelly in their lungs, both closely linked to HA (Xu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). Annu. doi:10.1182/blood.2020006000, Couto, M., de Diego, A., Perpii, M., Delgado, L., and Moreira, A. Meanwhile, the number of patients in the treatment group presenting improved PaO2/FiO2 and ROX index was higher than that of the control group (95.2% vs. 68.4% and 73.7%). doi:10.1165/rcmb.2014-0225OC, Yu, Q., Wang, D., Wen, X., Tang, X., Qi, D., He, J., et al. doi:10.3969/j.issn.10065725.2019.19.008, Rasaeifar, B., Gomez-Gutierrez, P., and Perez, J. J. Systems Pharmacological Study Illustrates the Immune Regulation, Anti-infection, Anti-inflammation, and Multi-Organ protection Mechanism of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du Decoction in the Treatment of COVID-19. Indeed, in several preclinical studies, selective TRPV4 inhibition showed efficacy in preventing or attenuating lung edema (Thorneloe et al., 2012). Prc, N. H. C. o. t. (2020). Sci. Further studies may determine if CD44 inhibitors can be of use to in COVID-19. Perplexingly, successful balance of lung humoral metabolism may lead to the reduction of the number of COVID-19 death limiting the possibility of healthcare services with insufficient capacity to provide ventilator-assisted respiration. Acta (Bba) - Gen. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.664349/full#supplementary-material, Abdullah, H., Heaney, L. G., Cosby, S. L., and McGarvey, L. P. A. Currently, only icatibant has been approved as bradykinin antagonist for clinical treatment, and relevant studies have revealed that cefepime, cefpirome, imatinib, raloxifene, sildenafil, ponatinib, abemaciclib and entrectinib may also act as prospective non-selective bradykinin antagonists and have potential for treatment of COVID-19 (Rasaeifar et al., 2020). Am. Natl. J. Pharmacol. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Currently, no specific drug has been developed to against COVID-19, although some existing drugs have been repurposed and approved for treating hospitalized patients (Ferner and Aronson, 2020; Schlagenhauf et al., 2020). Disclaimer. 274 (53), 3783437839. Intensive Care Med. ), cell growth and death, as well as the degradation of damaged cells (Zhao et al., 2020). J. medRxiv. Eur. Glucocorticoids, especially dexamethasone, have already been applied in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. (2020). Circ. Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun 1;318(6):L1239-L1243. Repurposing Antimalarials and Other Drugs for COVID-19. J. Biol. Accessibility doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302421. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the ENaC located in the airway apical membranes and alveolar epithelial cells are essential in regulating lung fluid balance across airway as the chloride (Cl) and bicarbonate (HCO3) secretion conduits, and alveolar epithelia by sodium (Na+) ion absorption (Matalon, 1999; Birket et al., 2016; Londino et al., 2017). Nervous system conditions or surgeries. Res. Response of Thiazide-Induced Hypokalemia to Amiloride. (2020a). Would you like email updates of new search results? (2020b). JAMA 324 (5), 460470. Med. Studies showed that ENaC activators or stimulators can regulate ENaC-dependent fluid absorption in alveolar and pulmonary edema (Fronius, 2013). Rev. Reaffirms recommendation for Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine. (2008). Sharma, A., Garcia, G., Wang, Y., Plummer, J. T., Morizono, K., Arumugaswami, V., et al. 10.1007/s42399-020-00610-8 Moreover, lower expression of alveolar Na-K-ATPase promotes pulmonary edema, and when the expression of Na-K-ATPase 1- and 2-subunits decreases, maximal alveolar epithelial fluid clearance is reduced (Looney et al., 2005). Cmp 6 (1), 1327. Lianhuaqingwen Exerts Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Activity against Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Care Med. Clin. J. Physiology-Lung Cell Mol. J. Med. MeSH Is Amiloride a Promising Cardiovascular Medication to Persist in the COVID-19 Crisis?. Most side effects are mild and normally last only a day or two. doi:10.1007/s43440-020-00132-z, Runfeng, L., Yunlong, H., Jicheng, H., Weiqi, P., Qinhai, M., Yongxia, S., et al. Glucocorticoid Induction of Epithelial Sodium Channel Expression in Lung and Renal Epithelia Occurs via Trans-activation of a Hormone Response Element in the 5-Flanking Region of the Human Epithelial Sodium Channel Subunit Gene. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment A Review of Early and Emerging Options. COVID-19: Urgent Reconsideration of Lung Edema as a Preventable Outcome: Inhibition of TRPV4 As a Promising and Feasible Approach. JACC: Basic Translational Sci. Physiol. Since hypokalemia is a major issue in severe COVID-19 patients (Lippi et al., 2020), amiloride with its potassium-sparing diuretic activity (Bull and Laragh, 1968) can potentially be used to restore normal serum potassium concentrations (Maronde et al., 1983). doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30076-x, Yan, H., Valdes, A. M., Vijay, A., Wang, S., Liang, L., Yang, S., et al. 1480 (1), 73103. 2 (6), 387396.doi:10.1038/35077544, Connors, J. M., and Levy, J. H. (2020). Physiol. A vision of coronavirus with the minimal set of structural proteins. Pulmonary capillary leak syndrome following COVID-19 virus infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) - anatomic pathology perspective on current knowledge. J. Infect. Among the currently pursued therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, little attention has been paid to abnormal lung humoral metabolism. China Life Sci. COVID-19 Vaccine: A Comprehensive Status Report. Mechanism of inhibiting ENaC inducing pulmonary edema. 17, 149166. Zhang J, Zhou N, Wang Y, Liu T, Cao Y, Feng W, Zheng X. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.09.009, Zhuo, X.-J., Hao, Y., Cao, F., Yan, S.-F., Li, H., Wang, Q., et al. Drugs targeting at least some of these proteins have already existed and could be repurposed to manage pulmonary edema seen in SARS-COV-2 infections. Existing drugs and inhibitors targeting the components of humoral metabolism may serve as potential treatments for COVID-19 and should be further investigated. Authors ACE2 is most abundantly expressed in human vascular endothelial cells as well as alveolar and intestinal epithelial cells. Physiol. Physiol. Association between Early Treatment with Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. The functional inhibition of relevant lung enzymes and ion channels may disturb AFC, thus resulting pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Engineered Heart Tissues and Models COVID-19 Myocarditis. doi:10.1164/rccm.200905-0665OC, Bull, M. B., and Laragh, J. H. (1968). Transl. FIGURE 6. Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients. Physiol. Neurosci. CD44-dependent Intracellular and Extracellular Catabolism of Hyaluronic Acid by Hyaluronidase-1 and -2. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19. Crit. Res. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.168724, Yin, J., Michalick, L., Tang, C., Tabuchi, A., Goldenberg, N., Dan, Q., et al. (2017). COVID19 Diagnosis and Management: a Comprehensive Review. 35 (5), 684688. FEBS Lett. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Regulation of ENaC and CFTR Expression with K+ Channel Modulators and Effect on Fluid Absorption across Alveolar Epithelial Cells. First post-authorization U.S. doses of Janssen COVID -19 Vaccine. Allergol. doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2232-y, Woods, P. S., Tazi, M. F., Chesarino, N. M., Amer, A. O., and Davis, I. C. (2015). This condition is generally referred to as pulmonary edema and is a direct consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. doi:10.3390/v4040557, Ho, T., Wu, S., Chen, J., Li, C., and Hsiang, C. (2007). doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12431, Schlagenhauf, P., Grobusch, M. P., Maier, J. D., and Gautret, P. (2020). 2023 Feb 14;14:1080962. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1080962. (2016). Therefore, the infection along with the rapid replication of SARS-CoV-2 causes a large amount of body fluid permeating through pulmonary alveoli, leading to ADRS. CD44 inhibition reduces the IL-2 induced vascular leakage syndrome, revealing that CD44 may act as a potential target in COVID-19 treatment. Cause of COVID-19 pulmonary edema. N. Engl. Dis. Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen capsules significantly affect virus morphology, inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication with the IC50 value of 411.2g/ml, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines production at the mRNA level, and show anti-inflammatory effect in vitro (Runfeng et al., 2020). Calcium Antagonists and Their Mode of Action: an Historical Overview. 8 (8), 807815. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Leads to Reduced Ratio of ACE/ACE2 Activities and Is Prevented by Angiotensin-(1-7) or an Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist. (2021). Some people experience no side effects after vaccination while many will experience mild side effects, such as pain, swelling at the injection site, a headache, chills or a fever. Clin. 64 (15), 20062012. Liu Shen Capsule Shows Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Abilities against Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 via Suppression of NF-b Signaling Pathway. Molecular Features of Non-selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the Bradykinin Receptors. This condition is generally referred to as pulmonary edema and is a direct consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The Serum and Glucocorticoid Kinase Sgk Increases the Abundance of Epithelial Sodium Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Xenopus Oocytes. The Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio Determines Clinical Efficacy of Corticosteroid Therapy in Patients with COVID-19. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585, Wang, Q. Y., Liang, W., Jiang, C., Li, N. Y., Xu, H., Yang, M. N., et al. (2020c). Cel Mol Biol 20 (5), 10281040. Limmer A, Engler A, Kattner S, Gregorius J, Pattberg KT, Schulz R, Schwab J, Roth J, Vogl T, Krawczyk A, Witzke O, Zelinskyy G, Dittmer U, Brenner T, Berger MM. The structure of coronavirus (Figure 1 A vision of coronavirus with the minimal set of structural proteins.) Patients in intensive care units (ICU) have higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, MCP1, MIP1A, GSCF, IP10, and TNF (Huang et al., 2020). 274 (18), 1243112437. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. doi:10.1001/jama.249.2.237, Matalon, S. (1999). doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12839, Wittekindt, O. H., and Dietl, P. (2019). Sci. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) can stabilize the permeability of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell by regulating the expression of AQP-5 and MMP-9, and reduce alveolar fluid exudation (Shi et al., 2018). doi:10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5, Xu, Y.-H., Dong, J.-H., An, W.-M., Lv, X.-Y., Yin, X.-P., Zhang, J.-Z., et al. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. Florida Surgeon General Joseph Ladapo personally altered a state-driven study about Covid-19 vaccines last year to suggest that some doses pose a . Immunol. However, further researches into the mode of action, efficacy and safety of these drugs are required. J. Physiology-Lung Cell Mol. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! As of Sunday, at least 16,183 people had filed complaints with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that they'd developed tinnitus, or ringing in their ears, after receiving a Covid vaccine. The available adenoviral vaccines appear to stimulate autoantibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4), which . 146 (6), 14541455. Structural Basis for the Recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by Full-Length Human ACE2. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00376.2005, Li, C., Wang, P., Li, M., Zheng, R., Chen, S., Liu, S., et al. Some of these TCMs along with their constituent and antiviral and reducing pulmonary edema mechanisms are shown in Table 3. It has been revealed that COVID-19 patients treated with Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen capsules for 14days resulted in a considerably higher recovery rate of 91.5%, a dramatically shorter median time to symptom recovery of 7days than the control group, which applied conventional treatment (Hu et al., 2021). Epub 2020 Jun 29. BK is generated by cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) from plasma-kallikrein and binds to the BKB2 receptor, and thus results vascular hemorrhage (Garvin et al., 2020). Effect and Mechanism of Astragaloside A on Acute Respiratory Failure in Rats. -, Achanta S., Jordt S. E. (2020). Moreover, it has been revealed that exosomes derived from human adipocyte can inhibit TRPV4-mediated calcium influx and thus protect mice against ventilator-induced lung injury (Yu et al., 2020). J. Med. Here, we provide a perspective on abnormal lung humoral metabolism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients, review the mechanisms by which pulmonary edema may be induced in COVID-19 patients, and propose putative drug targets that may be of use in treating COVID-19.